Cell Division Review
Match the following vocabulary word with their definition by filling in the blank.
anaphase cell cycle chromatid chromatin chromosome cytokinesis diploid G1 phase G2 phase gene map haploid homologous chromosomes independent assortment interphase meiosis meiosis I meiosis II metaphase mitosis prophase replicated chromosome S phase telophase |
1) ___________________ is unwound DNA found in the nucleus during interphase. 2) ___________________ is a chromosome that has doubled and is made of 2 chromatids. 3) ___________________ is half of a replicated chromosome. 4) ___________________ is a "package" of 1 - 5 thousand genes. Humans have 46 of these. 5) ___________________ is a process that divides the nucleus of a cell. 6) ___________________ is the stage most cells are in during the cell cycle when growth, replication of DNA, and preparation for division occurs. 7) ___________________ is the phase in mitosis where the chromosomes become visible as the nuclear membrane breaks down. 8) ___________________ is the middle phase of mitosis where replicated chromosomes line up at the "equator"of the cell. 9) ___________________ is the phase of mitosis where sister chromatids of the replicated chromosomes split and head for the "poles." 10) ___________________is the last stage of mitosis when the nucleus reforms and cytokinesis occurs. 11) __________________ is the last part of telophase when the division of the cell cytoplasm into 2 cells occurs. 12)__________________ is all events that occur in a cell from the time it divides to the time it divides again. 13) __________________ is the interphase time of cell growth and replication of organelles. 14) __________________ is the interphase time of DNA replication. 15) __________________ is the interphase time of preparation for cell division by checking for DNA mistakes. 16) __________________ are chromosomes with the same kinds of genes on them. 17) __________________ is twice the number (2n) of chromosomes (2n=46 in humans). 18) __________________ is half the diploid number of chromosomes (n=23 in humans). 19) __________________ is the cell division process in gametes (sperm & eggs). 20) __________________ is the 1st division of meiosis resulting in 2 haploid cells. 21) __________________ is the 2nd division process in meiosis resulting in 4 haploid cells. 22) __________________ is the principle that Mendel discovered that the occurrence of 1 trait has nothing to do with another trait if on different chromosomes. 23) __________________ is a diagram of where genes occur on chromosomes. |
What will be on the test?
1) The above vocabulary words in a matching format (http://www.quia.com/jg/558979.html)
2) Be able to recognize cells in different phases of the cell cycle and mitosis from pictures of onion root tips (root 1, root 2, root 3, root 4, root 5, root 6, root 7, root 8, root 9, root 10)
3) Reading Ch 10 Section 10-2, Pages 244-248 on Cell Cycle, Mitosis, & Cytokinesis; Ch 11 Section 11-4 on Meiosis Pages 275-278.
4) Similarities and differences in mitosis and meiosis. What is the function of mitosis and what is the function of meiosis? Which one is asexual and which one is sexual? What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
5) What can you use on the test?
- cell cycle diagram
- mitosis and meiosis drawings
- mitosis notes and chart
- meiosis cards constructed in class (Teaching a friend or parent using the cards).
- Point out how the cell in prophase 1 has a diploid number of 4 chromosomes. Tell them this is 46 for humans, but would be difficult to put on a notecard.
- Point out that there are 2 colors of chromosomes. One color represents those from dad and the other color from mom.
- Point out that there are 2 sizes / kinds of chromosomes (long and short). This makes the haploid number of chromosomes 2 for the card cells. This would be 23 in humans (we have 23 sizes/kinds of chromosomes).
- Explain that the chromosomes in Meiosis 1 are replicated chromosomes made of 2 chromatids joined at the centromere (a protenacious glue wad). Explain the difference between chromatin (dna unwound during interphase), chromosomes (visible only during cell division), replicated chromosomes (chromosomes doubled) , & chromatids (half a replicated chromosome).
- Explain why metaphase 1 is soooo important in determining the outcome of sperm and eggs. This is where the chromosomes line-up with each other and the "cards are shuffled." Homologous chromosomes (ones of the same length and same genetic information) line-up across from each other so all sperm and eggs will get all kinds/lengths of chromosomes.
- Point out that meiosis 1 causes 1 diploid cell to become two haploid cells.
- Point out that meisosis 2 causes 2 haploid cells with replicated chromosomes to become 4 haploid cells with just chromosomes.
- Explain the purpose of meiosis (If sexual reproduction is between 2 individuals, their chromosome number must be cut in half so the baby will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
- Show the mitosis card metaphase 1 (crossing over) and explain how crossing over can affect the outcome of the sperm or eggs. This will also increase variation in the offspring's children. Variation increases a population's chances of surviving environmental change.
